Aumer U Lamara d amyaru s tmaziɣt. Yilmed tamaziɣt ɣur Mouloud Mammeri. Ar assa yura 9 yedlisen s tmaziɣit. Yer-ad i yesteqsiyen nneɣ ɣef ungal ines amynut Taseddarit id yefɣen ɣer tezrigin Achab, d wayen niḍen. Tadiwennit.
Le Matin d’Algérie : Ungal Taseddarit ur illi d asaru iseggmen, netta iteddu itezzi zelmeḍ yeffus, akka d wakka si tallit ɣer tayeḍ, seg wudem ɣer wayeḍ, si tegnitt ɣer tayeḍ. D amaynut di tira ?
Aumer U Lamara : D win i d ungal. Ungal mačči d tamacahutt iteddun ‘’zun d asaru’’ ; issefk ad yawi imeɣri anda ur igguni netta, ad t-isduqqes anda yennudem, ad as-issexreb tikli, akken daɣ ad as-tergagi tefkert n wul. Ɣas asaru yella, d win iffren ddaw tduli neɣ ‘’iɣli di temda yaâreq’’. Tidett, ungal ur nekcim gar yiccer d weksum, neɣ ddaw uglim, mačči d ungal. Akka i yuriɣ taseddarit, anda ttin wudmawen d yismawen, akked yinig si tallit ɣer tayeḍ… taggara imeɣri ad yaf iman-is.
Le Matin d’Algérie : Ad nekcem deg wungal Taseddarit : nufa yella deg-s umaynut di tira, d anekcum n tmucuha n zik deg wungal-a, armi yella wanda ur neẓri d ungal neɣ d tamacahutt, anda yebda wa, neɣ anda i yemdi win. Amek illa waya ?
Aumer U Lamara : Ur nudaɣ ugut ɣef temsalt-a. Ur umineɣ d nek i d-isnulfan azday (la fusion) neɣ tucerka gar wungal akked tmacahutt neɣ timucuha ; d ayen illan si zik ; ǧǧiɣ awal i yimussnawen n tsekla.
Asmi yuriɣ ungal Omaha Beach – ass-a d wussan, di 2010, yuzen-iyi-d tabratt yiwen umeddakel i yeɣran ungal-nni, inna yi-d ayen iwala deg-s. Awal amezwaru n tira-s d wa : « neffeɣ-d si tmucuha ! » (akken ad d-yini lferḥ-is, neffeɣ si tmucuha n zik i ǧǧan wussan, ass-a tamaziɣt tekcem annar n tsekla yuran, tasekla yufraren, s ccan d ameqqran !).
Tamuɣli-nni n umeddakel, zun ungal akked tmacahutt d ixsimen, mačči d tamuɣli-w nek. Timucuha llant si leqrun d leqrun, ḥekkun-tent s yimi ɣer yiri ukanun, ma d ungal yuran d ayen i d-innulfan si 1945. Di Taseddarit, ddiɣ-as akken ad rekkleɣ ayen i tent-icerken, acku i sin sekcamen amdan deg usagen (imaginaire), deg wayen ur nelli, di tmura ur nelli, zun d targit allen ldint.
Di Taseddarit, sekcemɣ imeɣri di tallit n « wasmi heddren lewḥuc », asmi dduklen yemdanen akked iɣersiwen di tmurt ur nelli d tamurt, di tmucuha-nni yezzuznen imeẓyanen d imeqqranen deg wuḍan iɣezfanen n yal tagrest.
Le Matin d’Algérie : Ungal Taseddarit ikcem aḍar afus di tallit tamirant, n wass-a. Udem amezwaru n wungal d Waâli, d ameɣnas n talwit, irwel i temsulta, netta akked imeddukal-is, iffer akken ur ittwaṭṭef ɣer lḥebs. Ayɣer asentel (sujet)-a ass-a ?
Aumer U Lamara : D ayen illan, ma nẓerr ayen iḍerrun di tmura ur neddi deg ubrid, ur ngi azal i yizerfan akked tugdut. D nkerr-nni n izerfan i yessawaḍen imdanen ad kkren fell-asen, ad suɣen, ad nnaɣen akken ufan ɣef izerfan-nsen, akken ad tbeddel.
D tasertit, ɣas ungal Taseddarit ur illi di tmurt-a neɣ di tmurt-in ; ulac isem n tmurt deg tella tedyant. Waâli d ameɣnas izemren ad yili di yal tamurt, iteddu akken ad ibeddel udabu, ad ibeddel wesɣen gar udabu akked yemdanen, ad tbeddel tmetti ɣer wayen ilhan, ɣer usirem n Waâli. D tiwizi tameqqrant…
Le Matin d’Algérie : Ayɣer d-teddmeḍ isem n Waâli ? Izmer ad yili d asmekti n urgaz-nni yellan deg umezruy-nnaɣ, di PPA deg iseggasen-nni n 1940-1950 ?
Aumer U Lamara : D win. Ferneɣ-d isem Waâli akken ad iqqim idder umennuɣ n imezwura-nnaɣ n iseggasen 1940. Issefk isem-nsen (ismawen-nsen) ad iqqim ur inegger deg umennuɣ ɣef tlelli n tmurt-nnaɣ. D asalu n «tṭrad n 2000 iseggasen », akken inna Kateb Yasin, i mazal iteddu, ittbeddil kan udem d webrid. Isem n Waâli d azamul ameqqran ur izmir yiwen ad ikkes.
Le Matin d’Algérie : Deg wungal, agensas (représentant) n udabu, illan netta d kumisar n temsulta, iban-d s yir udem. Terniḍ-as acemma di tebrek (caricature) neɣ ala ?
Aumer U Lamara : Ur cukkeɣ rniɣ nnig wayen illan. Ma yecmet, icemmet iman-is netta. Ugur ameqqran illan gar udabu akked imezdaɣ n tmurt bubbent wid illan ɣer zdat. Takriṭ n udabu d nitni, d amsaltu akked uxeddam n tɣiwant neɣ n yal tadbelt nniḍen. Ilmend ad sifessen tudert n yemdanen, nitni rennun taɣennant d uɣilif yal ass. Din, tadebbuzt n umsaltu akked yemcudden (tracasseries) d tazzla si lbiru ɣer wayeḍ, yiwen wudem-nsen : d takriṭ n udabu.
Deg wungal Taseddarit, kumisar issemras tazmert n udabu akken ad iseddu lecɣal-is netta, ad irbeḥ tadrimt tameqqrant, syin ad as-iqqen awal n umennuɣ mgal ‘’irebraben’’ ur nelli, ad innaɣ Waâli i yellan iteddu ɣef izerfan, talwit d lehna. Akka, neɣ mačči akka i tella di tmurt n Lezzayer ?
Le Matin d’Algérie : Tira taneglant (écriture romanesque) d tamaynut di tsekla tamaziɣt, acku zik d timucuha kan akked tmedyazt timawit. Ulac tira. Ihi, nezmer ass-a ad d-nini tennulfa-d tsekla taneglant tamaziɣt ?
Aumer U Lamara : Tamacahutt tamaziɣt si zik-is tella deg usagen (imaginaire), neɣ di tneglant, si leqrun d leqrun, ɣas ulac tira. D win i d iswi n tmacahutt akken ad argun yemdanen, ad kecmen timura n igenwan ur ssinen, anda teddunt temsal akken nniḍen, ad sifessent tudert seg wuguren d uɣilif n yal ass. Ayen illan d amaynut di tsekla tamaziɣt, d tuffɣa seg inurar n wungalen imezwura n tmagit, n umennuɣ akked tɣuzi n umezruy aqbur d anadi ɣef iẓuran-nnaɣ.
Tura, ungal amaziɣ simmal ikeccem deg unnar n tira taneglant n war talast, am netta am yal ungal n tmura n umaḍal, yal yiwen s waâqqa n tisent-is. Ur nelli berra n umaḍal.
Le Matin d’Algérie : Ad nekcem, ma tqebleḍ, ɣer tudert n umaru. Telliḍ zik d anelmad kra n iseggasen ɣur Mulud Mammeri, di tesdawit n Lezzayer. Acu n waktay d-iqqimen si tɣuri-nni n tmaziɣt, si tallit-nni ?
Aumer U Lamara : Iqqim-d waktay d aẓidan deg wallaɣ-iw, d tallit-nni deg d-nreggel si tesnawit (lycée) tiknik n Ruisseau (El Annaser, ass-a), akken ad naweḍ ɣer tesdawit n Lezzayer, ad nɣer ɣur Dda Lmulud yiwet tsaâtt, yal ass n ttlata. Asmi kecmeɣ tasdawit deffir ukayaḍ n Bac, di 1972, ufiɣ-d iman-iw d aqdim din ; ssneɣ amur ameqqran n inelmaden. Tarbaât-nni yellan qqaren tamaziɣt tella zun d tawacult isdukkel fad n tmussni n tmaziɣt. Nella nlemmed yal tamsalt, si tira tamaziɣt ɣer tsekla, amezruy akked yidles imawi s teqsidin timeẓyanin. Taɣuri-nni ur teqqim kan d taḥerfit, terna-yas tlalit n ugraw i yaɣ-isduklen s yal tuffɣa (excursion) akka d wakka, akked temliyin tameddit d wudan di tɣermin n Ben Aknun, Lqubba neɣ El Ḥarrac.
Yiwen wass neqqim di Mauretanya, di tnemmast n Lezzayer, negguni ad d-yaweḍ lkar si tiɣremt n Ben Aknun, ad nerkeb, d abrid ɣer udrar. Yiwen unelmad iqerreb-d ɣur-nnaɣ, inna-yaɣ-d : « Teggunim lkar n la révolution agraire ? » ) (imir-nni llan inelmaden iteddun di CVRA/Comité du Volontariat de la Révolution Agraire, i yella isedduy di tesdawit ukabar FLN akked PAGS). Yiwen umeddakel-nnaɣ irra-yas, mi kan d-iwweḍ lkar i negguni nekkni : « Ala, negguni lkar n la révolution culturelle ! ».
Iqqim-d yiwen waktay yufrar. Yiwen wass newweḍ d tarbaât, nufa tebda tɣuri, nekcem, nbedd deffir wid illan qqimen. Ur nezmir ad nɣer s tiddi-nni. Mi yaɣ-d-iẓra Dda Lmulud, innecraḥ wudem-is, icmumeḥ, inna : « A rbeḥ a tafat ! ». Imir kan inṭeq ɣer yiwen unelmad illan iqqim zdat, inna-yas : « A Aâmer ! Azzel kan in-as i waâssas ad ildi l’amphi ufella ! ». Mi d-yuɣal Aâmer, nekker akk, nkemmel taɣuri deg umkan-nni ameqqran. Seg-wassen, taɣuri n tmaziɣt deg amphi, simmal rennun-d inelmaden.
Iseggasen-a ineggura, aneɣlaf Ahmed Taleb Ibrahimi, win ikksen taɣuri-nni n Mammeri di 1974, inna-yas : « kkseɣ taɣuri n tmaziɣt n M. Mammeri, acku ulac inelmaden i yebɣan ad ɣren tamaziɣt ». Akka i teddun wid igren asekkak deg umezruy, akken ad wten ad ffren tawaɣit ur nezmir ad teffer.
Le Matin d’Algérie : Iwacu i tettaruḍ ? Tettaruḍ akken ad d-tiniḍ ayen nniḍen deffir tira-k, neɣ tufiḍ asugen (l’imaginaire) d abrid akken ad tefkeḍ afud ugar i umezruy, akken ad d-iqqim idder ur inegger ?
Aumer U Lamara : Tasekla, akken tebɣu tili, s tira neɣ d timawit am tsekla tamaziɣt, d ayen akk ilhan i d-snulfan yemdanen di yal tamurt. S tsekla i teddukel tilawt akked usugen, ayen illan d wayen ur nelli. D tasekla i d tagejdit n yidles di yal tamurt, n yal agdud.
Yal tikkelt, mi qqimeɣ ad aruɣ, ttakiɣ s yiman-iw d amdan amaḍlan (universel) am akk yemdanen n umaḍal. Di tira tamaziɣt, ufiɣ ungal amazray (roman historique) d amezwaru akken ad nessiɣ tafat i yemdanen, ad nekkes tillas ɣef umezruy n tmurt-nnaɣ. Akken ad nrekkel amezruy n tmurt ur nettwassen, win i yettwaffren ; abrid iwatan d win izemren ad d-yerr tudert d tiɣri i yizamulen izedɣen amezruy, icban Yugerten, Masensen, Takfarinas, Yuba, Maherbaal…
Asmi d-iffeɣ wungal-nni Tullianum – taggara n Yugerten di 2009, mlaleɣ-d imeɣriyen imezwura, kksen-iyi anezgum, ufiɣ deg wawal-nsen tabɣest swayes ddiɣ ɣer zdat di tira. Yiwen unelmad, inna-yi-d di yiwet temlilit di tesdawit n La Sorbonne di Paris : « Dreɣ acḥal d imalasen (smanat), ddiɣ, nnuɣeɣ, uzzleɣ ɣer tama n Yugerten… ». Mi yella yimi-s yessawal, ibedd zun illa ɣer yidis-is lexyal n Yugerten. D amezruy amiran !
Le Matin d’Algérie : Anwa amaru neɣ ungal iɣef tecfiḍ ugar, i k-izedɣen ar ass-a ?
Aumer U Lamara : ɣriɣ kra n wungalen mi lliɣ d ameẓyan, deg uɣerbaz amezwaru di Micli (Michelet), syin ṭṭfeɣ gar ifassen-iw ungal ‘’Mmis ugellil’’ (Le fils du pauvre) n Mouloud Feraoun. D aselmad-nnaɣ, Halouane Mustapha, i yaɣ-t-id ifkan. Mas Halouane d aselmad yufraren ur tettuɣ.
Deg Wungal-nni n Feraoun, amaḍal-nni ur illi di tmurt n Alsace, di Paris neɣ di tmura tiberraniyin ur ssineɣ, tadyant tella zun di taddart-nnaɣ, s wudmawen i ssneɣ s yismawen-nsen, deg ufrag-nnaɣ. Kecmeɣ deg-s ur uḥtameɣ, maca teqqim-d yiwet tuttra iwumi ur ufiɣ tabburt di temẓi-w : ayɣer aqcic-nni n wungal i yufiɣ am nek, isem-is Fouroulou, d isem ur nelli di taddart-nnaɣ, ur ittwassen di tuddar i yaɣ yudsen (iqerben).
Syen ɣer zdat, ferrneɣ d imezwura ungalen n imyura n tmurt-nnaɣ, icban Mammeri, Dib, Fares, Amrouche, Mimouni… ferrneɣ-ten d imezwura acku ayen ɣef ttarun, d amaḍal i ssneɣ, d win n tmurt-iw, ɣas yura s tutlayt taberranit. Ass-a, ungal yuran s tmaziɣt iteddu ad ikkes ugur-nni n tutlayt, akken targit d usugen ad ilin s wawal d usekkil amaziɣ i yessergagayen ugar tifkert n wul…
Hamid Arab
Taseddarit (l’abri), (Ungal, roman), n Aumer U Lamara, éditions Achab, Tizi Ouzou, 2022.
